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Monday, January 16, 2012

Ancient Amazonian Cities?

Amazon village, Iquitos area, Peru
photo by Madeline Horn

This article in the New York Times discusses the large earthworks discovered under the forests cover of the Amazon in Brazil and Bolivia. The earthworks consist of large shapes (such as circles and squares) connected by roads. Researchers have not found evidence of human settlement in or on the earthworks, leading them to believe they are ceremonial. This means that thousands of people could have been settled enough to build massive ceremonial structures in the Amazon. It also means that large sections of land , which is now forested, were once used for agriculture.

Amazon Clouds and Trees, near Iquitos, Peru
photo by Madeline Horn

The article sparks my curiosity by positing that there may have been towns connected by roads featuring large earthworks where thousands of people lived. This is a revelation. I love it when archaeology presents us with a new way of looking at the past. The earthworks were first discovered in the 1970s, yet scientists did not investigate thoroughly until the 1990s. What other ancient mysteries are out there waiting to be discovered?


Monday, January 2, 2012

Loy Krathong Lantern Festival


Monks helping people light their lanterns at a temple.
                Sarah and I planned our trip to Thailand to coincide with the annual lantern festival, Loy Krathong. It was hard to get information about the festival before arriving in Chiang Mai, but once we were there, we could not escape the festival had we wanted to (which we didn't). We saw lanterns in the air, floating down the river, and set up in parks, temples and plazas across the city.  The sky was filled with thousands of paper lanterns lit from within by flame. The effect is intoxicating. I first noticed the lanterns in the sky after walking into a temple complex lit by hundreds of small red clay candles with orange wax, placed on every surface, including the golden chedi, which reflected the lights beautifully as a black and white temple cat slept peacefully amongst the candles. A monk’s chants were amplified on a loudspeaker for Thais sitting on folding chairs facing the chedi worshipping and leaving offerings. The monk knelt in front of the chedi, his amplified chants lending eerie sound effects
As I walked out of the temple complex gate, decorated with palm fronds and colorful lanterns, I looked up and saw lanterns floating in the sky. I couldn’t keep my eyes off the sky as I weaved through the busy night streets, until a massive parade diverted my attention.
Thousands of people flood the streets to celebrate Loy Krathong in Chiang Mai. Massive lanterns decorate the city in the shape of dragons, elephants, cartoon characters, and people. Thais and tourists alike pose in front of these colorful lanterns with big smiles on their faces and fingers in the air in the universal peace sign. Thousands of lanterns hang in parks, on city streets, and on temple gates as well.
Revelers set lanterns into the sky from temples and on the banks of the Ping River, where kids of all ages let off fireworks in all directions. The white tissue lanterns, sold by monks and street vendors, unfold to wider than a person’s width and nearly as tall. It takes two, but most seemed to prefer 4-5, people to ignite and alight a lantern. Posing for photos with their lantern right as the lantern casts an orange glow on their faces is a highlight for most groups.          
                       The stars themselves have competition from the beautiful lanterns filling the sky   and temples bedecked with candles and lanterns on the nights of Loy Krathong. The date of the festival changes every year, as it coincides with the full moon in November. I can’t imagine a more magical time to visit Chiang Mai.  
 


The spots of light behind the white chedi are lanterns.
Loy Krathong parade!
Elephants are everywhere in Thailand.
Fish ball vendor near giant lantern display
Note the black and white cat sleeping at the bottom left.
These lanterns were EVERYWHERE!